Benchmark area intensity against regional data

Description

Benchmark area intensity against regional data

Usage

benchmark_area_intensity(
  cf_area_intensity,
  region = NULL,
  benchmark_data = NULL
)

Arguments

Value

Original object with added benchmarking information

Examples

res <- calc_intensity_area(total_emissions = 90000, area_total_ha = 150, area_productive_ha = 140)
out <- benchmark_area_intensity(res, region = "uruguay")
# str(out$benchmarking)

Batch carbon footprint calculation

Description

Processes a data.frame of farms and computes annual emissions per farm, returning a summary plus per-farm details (optionally).

Usage

calc_batch(
  data,
  tier = 2,
  boundaries = set_system_boundaries("farm_gate"),
  benchmark_region = NULL,
  save_detailed_objects = FALSE
)

Arguments

Details

The input data frame is intentionally flexible to support heterogeneous data availability across farms. Each row represents one farm and all inputs are assumed to correspond to a single accounting year, unless explicitly stated otherwise by the column name (e.g., *_kg_day).

Column names follow cowfootR conventions. The complete and authoritative specification of supported input columns (including expected units and whether they are required or optional) is provided by the Excel template generated with cf_download_template(). This template represents the full set of columns that can be used by calc_batch().

In addition, the vignettes "Get started" and "IPCC Methodology Tiers in cowfootR" describe how these columns are used conceptually and methodologically.

Tier 2–relevant optional columns: When tier = 2, calc_batch() uses additional farm-specific information if available. The most relevant optional columns include:

• Enteric fermentation: Milk_yield_kg_cow_year, Body_weight_cows_kg, MS_intake_cows_milking_kg_day, Ym_percent.

• Young stock (optional refinement): Body_weight_heifers_kg, Body_weight_calves_kg, Body_weight_bulls_kg, MS_intake_heifers_kg_day, MS_intake_calves_kg_day, MS_intake_bulls_kg_day.

• Manure management: Manure_system, Diet_digestibility, Protein_intake_kg_day, Retention_days, System_temperature, Climate_zone.

If any Tier 2–relevant column is missing, the function automatically falls back to Tier 1–consistent default assumptions following IPCC and IDF guidance. Missing optional inputs therefore do not cause errors.

Value

A list with $summary and $farm_results; class cf_batch_complete. Absolute emissions returned in $farm_results (e.g., emissions_total, emissions_enteric, emissions_manure, etc.) are annual emissions expressed as kg CO2-equivalent per year (kg CO2eq yr-1) at the farm (system) level, within the defined system boundaries. Intensity metrics are reported as kg CO2eq per kg FPCM and kg CO2eq per ha (based on annual milk production and managed area).

Examples

farms <- data.frame(
  FarmID = c("A", "B"),
  Milk_litres = c(5e5, 7e5),
  Cows_milking = c(100, 140)
)
res <- calc_batch(
  data = farms,
  tier = 2,
  boundaries = set_system_boundaries("farm_gate"),
  benchmark_region = "uruguay",
  save_detailed_objects = FALSE
)
str(res$summary)

Calculate energy-related emissions

Description

Estimates CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use and electricity consumption on dairy farms following IDF/IPCC methodology.

Usage

calc_emissions_energy(
  diesel_l = 0,
  petrol_l = 0,
  lpg_kg = 0,
  natural_gas_m3 = 0,
  electricity_kwh = 0,
  country = "UY",
  ef_diesel = 2.67,
  ef_petrol = 2.31,
  ef_lpg = 3,
  ef_natural_gas = 2,
  ef_electricity = NULL,
  include_upstream = FALSE,
  energy_breakdown = NULL,
  boundaries = NULL
)

Arguments

Value

A list with detailed emissions by fuel type, total (co2eq_kg), metadata, and (if provided) breakdown by use. Compatible with calc_total_emissions().

Examples

# Minimal, fast example (<<1s)
res <- calc_emissions_energy(
  diesel_l = 10,
  electricity_kwh = 100,
  country = "UY"
)
print(res$co2eq_kg)

Calculate enteric methane emissions

Description

Estimates enteric methane (CH4) emissions from cattle using IPCC Tier 1 or Tier 2 approaches with practical defaults for dairy systems.

Usage

calc_emissions_enteric(
  n_animals,
  cattle_category = "dairy_cows",
  production_system = "mixed",
  avg_milk_yield = 6000,
  avg_body_weight = NULL,
  dry_matter_intake = NULL,
  feed_inputs = NULL,
  ym_percent = 6.5,
  emission_factor_ch4 = NULL,
  tier = 1L,
  gwp_ch4 = 27.2,
  boundaries = NULL
)

Arguments

Value

A list with annual CH4 emissions and annual CO2-equivalent emissions.

• ch4_kg: annual CH4 emissions (kg CH4 yr-1)

• co2eq_kg: annual CO2-equivalent emissions (kg CO2eq yr-1), for compatibility with calc_total_emissions()

• units_ch4 and units_co2eq: explicit unit strings

Examples

# Tier 1, mixed dairy cows
calc_emissions_enteric(n_animals = 100)

# Tier 2 with explicit DMI
calc_emissions_enteric(
  n_animals = 120, tier = 2, avg_milk_yield = 7500, dry_matter_intake = 18
)

# Boundary exclusion: enteric not included
b <- list(include = c("manure", "energy"))
calc_emissions_enteric(100, boundaries = b)$co2eq_kg # NULL → excluded

Calculate indirect emissions from purchased inputs

Description

Estimates CO2e emissions from purchased inputs such as feeds, fertilizers, and plastics using regional factors, with optional uncertainty analysis.

Usage

calc_emissions_inputs(
  conc_kg = 0,
  fert_n_kg = 0,
  plastic_kg = 0,
  feed_grain_dry_kg = 0,
  feed_grain_wet_kg = 0,
  feed_ration_kg = 0,
  feed_byproducts_kg = 0,
  feed_proteins_kg = 0,
  feed_corn_kg = 0,
  feed_soy_kg = 0,
  feed_wheat_kg = 0,
  region = "global",
  fert_type = "mixed",
  plastic_type = "mixed",
  include_uncertainty = FALSE,
  transport_km = NULL,
  ef_conc = NULL,
  ef_fert = NULL,
  ef_plastic = NULL,
  boundaries = NULL
)

Arguments

Details

Notes:

• When system boundaries exclude "inputs", this function MUST return a list with source = "inputs" and a numeric co2eq_kg = 0 to satisfy partial-boundaries integration.

• The primary total field is co2eq_kg (for compatibility with calc_total_emissions()); total_co2eq_kg is included as a duplicate for convenience.

Value

A list with fields:

• source = "inputs"

• emissions_breakdown (named values per input)

• co2eq_kg (numeric total)

• total_co2eq_kg (duplicate of co2eq_kg)

• emission_factors_used, inputs_summary, contribution_analysis, uncertainty (if requested)

• metadata (methodology, standards, date)

Examples

# Quick example (runs fast)
calc_emissions_inputs(conc_kg = 1000, fert_n_kg = 200, region = "EU")

# With uncertainty analysis
calc_emissions_inputs(feed_corn_kg = 2000, region = "US", include_uncertainty = TRUE)

Calculate manure management emissions (Tier 1 & Tier 2)

Description

Estimates CH4 and N2O emissions from manure management using IPCC Tier 1 or Tier 2 methodology with practical settings for dairy systems.

Usage

calc_emissions_manure(
  n_cows,
  manure_system = "pasture",
  tier = 1L,
  ef_ch4 = NULL,
  n_excreted = 100,
  ef_n2o_direct = 0.02,
  include_indirect = FALSE,
  climate = "temperate",
  avg_body_weight = 600,
  diet_digestibility = 0.65,
  protein_intake_kg = NULL,
  retention_days = NULL,
  system_temperature = NULL,
  gwp_ch4 = 27.2,
  gwp_n2o = 273,
  boundaries = NULL
)

Arguments

Value

A list with CH4 (kg), N2O (kg), CO2eq (kg), metadata, and per-cow metrics. The returned object includes a co2eq_kg field compatible with calc_total_emissions(). Absolute emissions are annual farm-level emissions (kg CO2eq yr-1) within the defined system boundaries.

Examples

# Tier 1, liquid storage
calc_emissions_manure(n_cows = 120, manure_system = "liquid_storage")

# Tier 1 with indirect N2O
calc_emissions_manure(n_cows = 120, manure_system = "solid_storage", include_indirect = TRUE)

# Tier 2 (VS_B0_MCF approach) with refinements
calc_emissions_manure(
  n_cows = 100, manure_system = "liquid_storage", tier = 2,
  avg_body_weight = 580, diet_digestibility = 0.68, climate = "temperate",
  protein_intake_kg = 3.2, include_indirect = TRUE
)

Calculate soil N2O emissions

Description

Estimates direct and indirect N2O emissions from soils due to fertilisation, excreta deposition and crop residues, following a Tier 1-style IPCC approach.

Usage

calc_emissions_soil(
  n_fertilizer_synthetic = 0,
  n_fertilizer_organic = 0,
  n_excreta_pasture = 0,
  n_crop_residues = 0,
  area_ha = NULL,
  soil_type = "well_drained",
  climate = "temperate",
  ef_direct = NULL,
  include_indirect = TRUE,
  gwp_n2o = 273,
  boundaries = NULL
)

Arguments

Details

IMPORTANT: When system boundaries exclude soil, this function must return a list with source = "soil" and co2eq_kg = 0 (numeric zero) to match partial-boundaries integration tests.

Value

A list with at least source="soil" and co2eq_kg (numeric), plus detailed breakdown metadata when included by boundaries. Absolute emissions are annual farm-level emissions (kg CO2eq yr-1) within the defined system boundaries.

Examples

# Direct + indirect (default), temperate, well-drained
calc_emissions_soil(
  n_fertilizer_synthetic = 2500,
  n_fertilizer_organic   = 500,
  n_excreta_pasture      = 1200,
  n_crop_residues        = 300,
  area_ha                = 150
)

# Direct-only
calc_emissions_soil(n_fertilizer_synthetic = 2000, include_indirect = FALSE)

# Boundary exclusion example
b <- list(include = c("energy", "manure")) # soil not included
calc_emissions_soil(n_fertilizer_synthetic = 1000, boundaries = b)$co2eq_kg # 0

Calculate carbon footprint intensity per hectare

Description

Computes emissions intensity per unit of land area for dairy farm analysis.

Usage

calc_intensity_area(
  total_emissions,
  area_total_ha,
  area_productive_ha = NULL,
  area_breakdown = NULL,
  validate_area_sum = TRUE
)

Arguments

Details

The area_breakdown parameter allows detailed tracking by land use:

area_breakdown = list(
  pasture_permanent = 80,
  pasture_temporary = 20,
  crops_feed = 15,
  crops_cash = 5,
  infrastructure = 2,
  woodland = 8
)

Value

A list of class "cf_area_intensity" with intensity metrics and area analysis.

Examples

# Basic calculation
calc_intensity_area(total_emissions = 85000, area_total_ha = 120)

# With productive area distinction
calc_intensity_area(
  total_emissions = 95000,
  area_total_ha = 150,
  area_productive_ha = 135
)

# With area breakdown
area_detail <- list(
  pasture_permanent = 80,
  pasture_temporary = 25,
  crops_feed = 20,
  infrastructure = 3,
  woodland = 7
)
calc_intensity_area(
  total_emissions = 88000,
  area_total_ha = 135,
  area_breakdown = area_detail
)

# Using with calc_total_emissions output
#

# b <- set_system_boundaries("farm_gate")
# e1 <- calc_emissions_enteric(100, boundaries = b)
# e2 <- calc_emissions_manure(100, boundaries = b)
# tot <- calc_total_emissions(e1, e2)
# calc_intensity_area(tot, area_total_ha = 120)
#

Calculate carbon footprint intensity per kg of milk

Description

Computes emissions intensity as kg CO2eq per kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM).

Usage

calc_intensity_litre(
  total_emissions,
  milk_litres,
  fat = 4,
  protein = 3.3,
  milk_density = 1.03
)

Arguments

Details

The correction to FPCM (fat- and protein-corrected milk) follows the IDF formula:

FPCM = milk_kg * (0.1226 * fat_pct + 0.0776 * protein_pct + 0.2534)

Where milk_kg = milk_litres * milk_density

Value

A list of class "cf_intensity" with intensity (kg CO2eq/kg FPCM), FPCM production, and calculation details.

Examples

# Using numeric total emissions directly
calc_intensity_litre(total_emissions = 85000, milk_litres = 750000)

# If you have a cf_total object 'tot' (e.g., from calc_total_emissions):
# calc_intensity_litre(tot, milk_litres = 750000)

Calculate total emissions (robust and boundary-aware)

Description

Aggregates results from different sources (enteric, manure, soil, energy, inputs) even if they don't use exactly the same field name for the total. IMPORTANT: If a source explicitly reports co2eq_kg = NULL (e.g. excluded by system boundaries), it is treated as zero and no fallback summation is attempted.

Usage

calc_total_emissions(...)

Arguments

Value

Object of class cf_total including:

• total_co2eq: total absolute emissions (kg CO2eq yr-1)

• breakdown: named numeric vector by source (kg CO2eq yr-1)

• by_source: data.frame with source, co2eq_kg, and units

• units_total, units_by_source: unit strings

Download cowfootR Excel template

Description

Saves a blank Excel template with required columns for batch carbon footprint calculations.

Usage

cf_download_template(file = "cowfootR_template.xlsx", include_examples = FALSE)

download_template(...)

Arguments

Value

Invisibly returns the file path.

Examples

tf <- tempfile(fileext = ".xlsx")
on.exit(unlink(tf, force = TRUE), add = TRUE)
cf_download_template(tf)

Export cowfootR batch results to Excel

Description

Exports results from calc_batch() into an Excel file with summary and farm-level sheets. Emission columns are exported as annual emissions (kg CO2eq yr-1). Intensity columns are exported as kg CO2eq per kg FPCM and kg CO2eq per ha.

Usage

export_hdc_report(
  batch_results,
  file = "cowfootR_report.xlsx",
  include_details = FALSE
)

Arguments

Value

Invisibly returns the file path. The Excel output includes unit-consistent columns for annual emissions (kg CO2eq yr-1) and emission intensities.

Examples

# Minimal dummy object (como el devuelto por calc_batch)
br <- list(
  summary = list(
    n_farms_processed = 1L,
    n_farms_successful = 1L,
    n_farms_with_errors = 0L,
    boundaries_used = list(scope = "farm_gate"),
    benchmark_region = NA_character_,
    processing_date = Sys.Date()
  ),
  farm_results = list(list(
    success = TRUE,
    farm_id = "Farm_A",
    year = format(Sys.Date(), "%Y"),
    emissions_enteric = 100, emissions_manure = 50, emissions_soil = 20,
    emissions_energy = 10, emissions_inputs = 5, emissions_total = 185,
    intensity_milk_kg_co2eq_per_kg_fpcm = 1.2,
    intensity_area_kg_co2eq_per_ha_total = 800,
    intensity_area_kg_co2eq_per_ha_productive = 1000,
    fpcm_production_kg = 150000, milk_production_kg = 154500,
    milk_production_litres = 150000,
    land_use_efficiency = 3000,
    total_animals = 200, dairy_cows = 120,
    benchmark_region = NA_character_, benchmark_performance = NA_character_,
    processing_date = Sys.Date(), boundaries_used = "farm_gate",
    tier_used = "tier_2", detailed_objects = NULL
  ))
)
class(br) <- "cf_batch_complete"

f <- tempfile(fileext = ".xlsx")
export_hdc_report(br, file = f)
file.exists(f)

Print method for cf_area_intensity objects

Description

Print method for cf_area_intensity objects

Usage

## S3 method for class 'cf_area_intensity'
print(x, ...)

Arguments

Value

No return value, called for side effects. Prints formatted area intensity information to the console and invisibly returns the input object.

The input object x, invisibly.

Examples

x <- list(
  intensity_per_total_ha = 900,
  intensity_per_productive_ha = 1100,
  land_use_efficiency = 0.92,
  total_emissions_co2eq = 108000,
  area_total_ha = 120,
  area_productive_ha = 110,
  date = Sys.Date()
)
class(x) <- "cf_area_intensity"
print(x)

Print method for cf_intensity objects

Description

Print method for cf_intensity objects

Usage

## S3 method for class 'cf_intensity'
print(x, ...)

Arguments

Value

No return value, called for side effects. Prints formatted carbon footprint intensity information to the console and invisibly returns the input object.

The input object x, invisibly.

Examples

x <- list(
  intensity_co2eq_per_kg_fpcm = 0.9,
  total_emissions_co2eq = 85000,
  milk_production_litres = 750000,
  milk_production_kg = 750000 * 1.03,
  fpcm_production_kg = 750000 * 1.03 * (0.1226 * 4 + 0.0776 * 3.3 + 0.2534),
  fat_percent = 4, protein_percent = 3.3, milk_density_kg_per_l = 1.03,
  date = Sys.Date()
)
class(x) <- "cf_intensity"
# print(x)

Print method for cf_total objects

Description

Print method for cf_total objects

Usage

## S3 method for class 'cf_total'
print(x, ...)

Arguments

Value

The input object x, invisibly.

Define system boundaries for carbon footprint calculation

Description

Define system boundaries for carbon footprint calculation

Usage

set_system_boundaries(scope = "farm_gate", include = NULL)

Arguments

Value

A list with $scope and $include

Examples

b1 <- set_system_boundaries("farm_gate")
b2 <- set_system_boundaries(include = c("enteric", "manure", "soil"))
b3 <- set_system_boundaries(include = c("enteric", "manure"))
b1$scope
b2$include
b3$include